How Old Can a Baby Be to Have Gripe Water

J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Nov; 9(xi): SC06–SC08.

Gripe H2o Administration in Infants one-vi months of Age-A Cross-exclusive Study

Keerthi Jain

¹ Compulsory Rotatory Residential Intern (CRRI), Department of Pediatrics, MGMCRI, Puducherry, India.

Dhandapany Gunasekaran

^two Professor and Head, Department of Pediatrics, MGMCRI, Puducherry, India.

Chandrasekaran Venkatesh

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.

Palanisamy Soundararajan

^iv Professor, Department of Pediatrics, MGMCRI, Puducherry, Bharat.

Received 2015 Feb 26; Revisions requested 2015 May 28; Accepted 2015 Aug 17.

Abstruse

Introduction

Gripe water (GW) administration to young infants is common practise in this part of state. In order to define why mothers administer gripe h2o to their infants and to find out what benefits or health risks it poses, we proposed to written report the practice of mothers giving GW to their babies.

Materials and Methods

Iii hundred and thirty five eligible mothers of infants anile ane-6 months (who after qualifying inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study) who attended the well babe clinic during the written report period, were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire which contained both open and close ended questions after obtaining informed written consent. The study population was so divided into two groups based on administration of GW or not and the results were compared and analysed amongst the 2 groups using odds ratio with 95% C.I. For adding of statistics, the statistical packet SPSS 13 was used.

Results

64.eighteen% of the mothers were administering GW for their infants. Virtually mothers believed that GW helps in digestion and prevents stomach ache. Infantile colic, vomiting and constipation were common in GW administered infants, when compared to those who did not receive GW and the difference was significant with p-values of 0.0001, 0.0373, 0.0007respectively.

Conclusion

GW assistants is a common problem in infants and remains a pregnant challenge that thwarts sectional breast feeding. More than over GW administration does non seem to prevent infantile colic and on the other paw, may be associated with airsickness and constipation. Misconceptions prevailing among mothers accept to be removed by effective counseling so that the mothers are aware of safe and healthy feeding practices to be adopted for feeding their babies.

Keywords: Breastfeeding, Breast milk, National Family Health Survey

Introduction

Breast milk (BM) is the natural option of diet for almost infants effectually the earth. Chest feeding continues to be the single most of import intervention in preventing infant and under v mortality rates in most developing countries [1,2]. Recent inquiry has revealed that BM has a role in protection against many childhood and adulthood diseases similar hypertension, diabetes and obesity [3], besides improving learning and intelligent quotient. Despite its superiority in terms of its contents, cost effectiveness and the bonding information technology creates between the female parent and her infant, it is yet impossible to achieve 100% exclusive breast feeding in many developing countries. National Family Wellness Survey of Bharat (2005-06) indicates that the exclusive chest feeding rates among Indian children aged 0-5 months is only 46.iii% and there is non much difference between rural and urban population and for Tamil Nadu state the rates are slightly better at 55% simply still unsatisfactory [4]. Exclusive chest feeding is hindered by the practice of administering prelacteal feeds which is seen in almost 50% of babies delivered in one study [v]. In a study conducted in Puducherry in 2009, gripe h2o was the commonest (55%) non nutritive preparation that was administered to infants by their mothers [6]. The utilize of gripe water has neither been scientifically studied nor canonical by drug regulatory authorities for use in infants, yet it is freely available as over the counter product. In order to define why mothers use gripe water in their infants and to find out what benefits or wellness risks it poses, nosotros proposed to report the use of gripe water in infants aged 1-half dozen months.

Aim

The Aims of the study are to find out the prevalence of gripe h2o use amidst infants1-half-dozen months of age, to discover out the reasons for administering it and health consequences associated with its administration.

Materials and Methods

All mother-baby (ane-6months) dyads who attended "Well Baby Clinic" of our Paediatric department, during May 2011 to June 2011 and who consented to participate formed the report subjects. After collecting information regarding their age, educational status, employment details, type of family and per-capita income, and all the mothers were subjected to a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire by the investigator. For this study, the following definitions were used.

Colic: Paroxysms of irritability, fussing or crying lasting for 3 or more hours in whatever 1 day and occurring on three or more days in whatsoever 1 week [vii].

Constipation: Interval betwixt stools extending across 48 hours and/or passing hard stools associated with crying [viii].

Regurgitation or airsickness: Regurgitation (return of pocket-size amounts of swallowed milk during or shortly after feeding) more than 4 times a solar day or vomiting (consummate emptying of the tum, oft occurring erstwhile after feeding) fifty-fifty once a mean solar day [8].

Statistical Analyisis

Depending on whether GW was administered or non, the study population was divided into two groups. The various demographic parameters and clinical indicators were compared between the two groups for statistically significant difference. The results were analysed using statistical parcel SPSS version 13. Prevalence was expressed in terms of percentage and ratios. Odds ratio was used to test the significance of gastro-intestinal and other wellness issues between the two groups (those who get and those who do not get gripe water). To compare the weight gain betwixt the two groups, Un-paired t-test was used.

Results

A total of 494 children were seen in our Well Infant Dispensary during the study menstruum; out of which a full of 386 mothers (of infants i-six months) were eligible to exist enrolled for the study, only only 361 mothers were willing to participate. All the same, just 335 mothers returned the completed questionnaire and hence included in the study (STROBE Menses Nautical chart enclosed as [Table/Fig-1]. Nearly mothers (55.two%) were betwixt 21-25 years of historic period. Out of 335 mothers, 191 (57%) were get-go time mothers and 144 (43%) were multi-parous. About mothers were educated upward to high schoolhouse level (43.9%) and college secondary level (26.3%). Majority of mothers belonged to upper-lower socioeconomic class. Almost of them (57%) belonged to nuclear family and only three families were living together for more than than three generations. About of these mothers (90.4%) were unemployed and looked subsequently household chores. The number of mothers who were aware of benefits of exclusive chest feeding and who practiced Exclusive Breast Feeding was 35.82%. The mean historic period of babies was two.5 months. Most babies were born past spontaneous vaginal delivery. The boilerplate birth weight of babies was ii.seven kg. The number of babies who were completely immunized with age appropriate immunizations was 230 (68.65%). The most commonly administered non-nutritive substance other than chest milk was gripe water which was seen in 64.xviii % of the population [Table/Fig-2]. The near common reason for adminsitering gripe h2o was due to the belief that: i) it helps in digestion -176 responses (81.86%) followed by; ii) information technology prevents stomach ache - threescore responses (27.90%); iii) insistence of elders - 39 responses (18.thirteen%); and iv) information technology is good for wellness - 33 responses (xv.34%) respectively [Table/Fig-3]. Nearly mothers administered GW atleast once a day.

Showing inclusion and exclusion of study subjects as per STROBE compliance flow diagram

Image showing distribution of gripe water usage among study population

Paradigm depicting reasons for administering gripe water

Among babies who were non given GW, the nigh common reason for not administering it was considering of: i) their doc'due south advice - 73 responses (sixty.83%), followed past; two) lack of data on its apply - xix responses (15.83%); 3) felt to exist a harmful practise - 17 responses (14.16%); four) felt to be useless - 15 responses (12.5%) respectively [Tabular array/Fig-4]. Among babies receiving GW, the mutual health bug for which medical attention was sought in the past were cough and cold which was seen in 116 (53.95%) infants, fever seen in 43(20%) infants, hard stools in 42 (19.53%)and loose stools in 24(11.16%) of infants. For the babies who did not receive GW, the nearly common reasons for seeking medical attention were cough and cold in 50 (41.66%) infants, fever in 16 (13.33%) infants, constipation in vii(5.83%) infants and loose stools in 5(4.16%) infants [Table/Fig-5].

Image depicting reasons for not administering gripe water

Prototype showing health issues associated with gripe water use

Out of 215 babies who received GW, acceptable weight proceeds was seen in only 121 (56.27%). Babies in comparison to 75 (62.v%) out of 120 babies who did non receive GW and who were exclusively breast fed. The observed difference was not statistically meaning (p-value 0.268). Persistent and prolonged crying diagnostic of infantile colic was seen in 29 babies who were on gripe water compared to only i in the no gripe water group, with a p-value of 0.0001 (OR: eighteen.5538; 95% CI: 2.4941 -138.0222) [Table/Fig-5]. Regurgitation of feeds was seen in two babies in gripe h2o grouping compared to v babies in "no gripe water" grouping and vomiting was seen in 12 babies belonging to gripe water group compared to only 3 in "no gripe water" group, with a p-value of 0.0373 (OR: ii.3054; 95% CI: 0.6375-viii.337) [Table/Fig-5]. The number of infants who had constipation was significantly more in the gripe h2o grouping (19.53%), compared to "no gripe water" grouping (5.83%), with the p-value of 0.0007 (OR: 3.9191; 95% CI: 1.701-ix.0287) [Table/Fig-six].

Paradigm depicting mutual gastro-intestinal problems associated with gripe water administration

Discussion

The prevalence of gripe h2o administration in the present study (64.eighteen%) is in agreement to a earlier study in the aforementioned geographical region [6]. The demographic profile of the nowadays written report has several similarities with earlier studies. In that location was no significant divergence in the historic period of mother, parity, educational level between the two groups. Most infants were brought up in nuclear family unit. Of all mothers who used gripe water, 18.xiii% used information technology on the insistence of elders. In the present study, we likewise find that the number of babies who were exclusively breast fed was only 35.82% which is lesser than the national average of 46.3% and number of infants who were completely immunized was 68.65% which is higher than the national boilerplate of 44% [4].

Another interesting data that emanates from the present study is that the mothers who were aware of the benefits of exclusive breast feeding were more probable to keep to chest feed their infants exclusively. This finding highlights the importance of counseling the mothers in the antenatal menstruum itself nearly the importance of exclusive breast feeding. In ane North Indian report, 86% of mothers had received counseling regarding baby feeding practices in their antenatal period and information technology had resulted in more than than fourscore% of their babies beingness exclusively chest fed until atleast 4 months of age [nine]. The most common reason for administering gripe water in the present study was found to exist the belief that it aids digestion and information technology prevents stomach anguish. On the contrary, we take observed that most infants who received GW, connected to weep excessively (suggestive of colic) compared to those who did not receive it. And this shows that the administration of GW may not be able to prevent excessive crying during infancy due to colic. Similarly, the number of babies who had airsickness and constipation were more in the GW group compared to "no GW" group. Hence information technology is articulate that GW administration is a adventure factor for vomiting and constipation every bit information technology contains not proprietary medications in it, the pharmacological action of which remains to exist proven. More number of infants in the GW group required hospital visits in the by for cough, common cold, and fever and diarrhea episodes compared to "no GW" group; however the difference was not statistically meaning. Since it is a well known fact that sectional breast feeding reduces the incidence of respiratory infections and diarrheal illnesses in infancy, the reason for the increased number of infants seeking medical handling in the GW group can be attributed to the lack of exclusive breast feeding in these children. No significant divergence in weight gain was observed in both groups. Apart from soothening agents similar booze and sugar, GW has been known to be contaminated with organisms like pseudomonas and cryptosporidium which can cause serious illness in administered infants. [10]

GW use continues to be a major threat to sectional breast feeding in this geographical surface area. The reasons for its continued use are due to certain misconceptions that are prevalent among mothers who use them. GW apply does not confer any advantage to the baby in preventing colic nor does it help in digestion, the two well-nigh common reasons quoted by mothers who use information technology. Vomiting and constipation are significant problem in babies who are administered GW, which could besides lead to unnecessary investigations like thyroid part tests and abdominal radiographs, by the treating doctor. In add-on more than infants who received GW had also received medical attending for common ailments similar coughing, cold and fever. Health pedagogy to all mothers about the possible harmful furnishings of gripe h2o use in infants should be initiated at the antenatal flow itself so that the mothers are fully aware of safe and healthy feeding practices to be adopted in feeding their infants. Prospective studies with large sample size and long term follow-up is required to fully empathise the effects of GW employ in children.

Conclusion

GW is the commonest non nutritive substance that is administered to infants in the starting time year of life. The use of gripe h2o in infancy is not approved and not been scientifically studied. From our written report we find that GW administration does not prevent excessive crying due to infantile colic. Vomiting and constipation are seen in more than number of children receiving GW than in those not receiving GW

Notes

Financial or Other Competing Interests

None.

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Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4668494/

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